A Universal Modular ACTOR Formalism for Artificial Intelligence

I have scanned the original IJCAI 1973 proceedings print version of

Carl Hewitt, Peter Bishop, and Richard Steiger, “A universal modular ACTOR formalism for artificial intelligence,” in Proc. International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 1973, pp. 235–245.

The scanned PDF is available to download for anyone interested in seeing the paper as it looked in print.


As part of my research, I’ve been digging through the literature. I couldn’t find a good PDF version of the above, which is one of the original papers on Actors. All I could find were links to this OCRed version, which doesn’t show me the actual paper, just an ugly rendition of the OCRed text. Even the IJCAI official online archive only has the OCRed version.

So I went looking for the original print IJCAI 1973 proceedings in the university library. Lo and behold, it was there!

So I have scanned it and uploaded it here.